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Pitch-class intervals, or INTs, are expressed as positive integers between 0 and 11. Repeated notes (or octaves) are notated as zero (0). Compound intervals (those greater than 11), are reduced by subtracting 12 until they are within range. Negative (descending) intervals are adjusted by adding 12 until they are in range. Thus a major 10th (16) is represented by 4, and the descending intervals -1, -2, -3, etc, are represented by the positive intervals 11, 10, 9, etc. An easy way to think about the latter is to go up instead of down to the same note. For example the interval from C down to G (-5) is measured in the positive direction, C up to G, or 7 half steps. Representing intervals this way will be helpful for auraly identifying which form of a 12-tone row you hear. For now just practice identifying the INTs. In each of the following problems, you are to notate the tune and analyze the INTs between adjacent notes.